Emissions evidence: what the four words mean

Every emissions figure on these pages carries one of four words, so a reader can tell what kind of evidence it is without inferring it from context.

Measured: A regulator's figure for the company's own installations: the EU and UK emissions trading registries, the US EPA's stack monitors on power plants (CAMD) and California's mandatory reporting, each checked by the regulator or an accredited verifier. It can support a statement about those installations' emissions and how fast they are changing; it says nothing about the company's plants outside those registries.
Reported: The company's own figure, from its annual or sustainability report, its CSRD or SECR statement, its CDP return or a filing to the US EPA (GHGRP), with whether it was independently assured stated beside it. It shows what the company says and can be compared against a Measured or Estimated figure, but it cannot confirm itself, so it never moves a score here.
Estimated: A satellite-based model of the company's own plants (Climate TRACE), joined to the company through ownership records; each figure says whether it was made independently of the company's own reporting or partly derived from it. Read across two or more plants it can show the level and direction of a fleet no registry covers, but a single plant's figure can be far off, and an estimate partly derived from the company's reported output cannot independently confirm the company's own figure.
Not seen: No emissions series of any kind is held for the company, and the page says why: no registry covers its installations, its sector is outside the satellite model, or its plants are not yet joined to it. It supports no statement about the company's emissions, neither a low figure nor a high one.

An Estimated figure also carries one sentence on its independence: “Estimated independently of the company's own reporting.” or “Partly derived from the company's reported output, so agreement with the company's own figure is not independent confirmation.”